Vitamin C Forum

Thiazolium: member of a class of compounds with a chemical structure related to thiamin (vitamin B1).

..."Continued deficiency of thiamine is very grave. Unchecked, beriberi is fatal. But a long-standing inadequate, marginal, or minimal thiamin supply may cause severe neurological effects, most significantly nerve irritation, diminished reflex response, prickly or deadening sensations, pain, damage to or degeneration of myelin sheaths the fatty nerve cell insulation material, and ultimately paralysis. Dr. Klenner, aware that this could well describe multiple sclerosis, went to work trying megadoses of thiamine. On the principle that it takes a lot of water to put out a well-established fire, Klenner ignored the US RDA of one to two milligrams per day and gave MS sufferers one or two thousand milligrams of thiamin a day. He administered other vitamin megadoses as well. Patients improved."...

The Marik Sepsis Protocol is a treatment protocol for life-threatening sepsis developed by Dr. Paul Marik . The protocol includes the following treatments

Intravenous vitamin C 1.5g q6hr x4d or until ICU discharge
Hydrocortisone 50mg q6hr x7d or until ICU discharge followed by a taper over 3d
Intravenous thiamine 200mg q12hr x4 or until ICU discharge
Alternative dosing: 100mg IV q 6 hourly for 4 days4.

The biomedical implications were startling. Imagine being able to take patients whose bodies were already extensively riddled with cross-links, and to give them a drug that would break the AGE apart. AGEd tissues would be rejuvenated. Arteries would dilate outward in response to the pulsing tide of blood; hearts would fill with the incoming flow; even skin could become flexible again. It was just the solution that one would dream of for advanced diabetic cases, or for people whose AGEs had built up because of time, not high blood sugar. The market would be enormous.

de Grey, Aubrey; Rae, Michael. Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs That Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime (p. 376). St. Martin's Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

If that were true, Ulrich could see one potential path to the development of novel anti-AGE interventions. The body has enzymes that break down at least some kinds of dicarbonyl compounds, and many of these enzymes share in common the incorporation of the vitamin thiamine (Vitamin B1). Research by Ukrainian scientists in the mid-1980s had shown that molecules in the same chemical family as thiamine (called thiazolium compounds) break linkages of the same chemical type, albeit embedded in organic chemicals rather than as AGEs in tissue proteins.

The inclusion of thiamine (vitamin B1) in so many of these enzymes, combined with the mechanism of other thiazolium compounds, suggested that thiamine was the essential feature to all of them, like the common head shape of different brands and sizes of Phillips screwdrivers. The active core of the incorporated thiamine would get an electrochemical grip on the carbonyls in the enzyme�s target molecule, whereupon the enzyme would twist its shape, opening up and tearing the bonds apart.

Ulrich wanted to design a new molecular "tool" that would do the same splitting job with the dicarbonyl bonds in Amadori diones, eliminating their cross-link-forming potential. Starting with the concept of a thiamine-like "business end," the assembled scientists began throwing out suggestions on how different kinds of molecular "levers," "swivels," and "sprockets" might behave, predicting their interactions with Amadori diones from their structures.

de Grey, Aubrey; Rae, Michael. Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs That Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime (p. 183). St. Martin's Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

Glycated hemoglobin ( HbA1c, glycohemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin, A1C or A1c) is a form of hemoglobin (Hb) that is chemically linked to a sugar

A hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test measures the amount of blood sugar (glucose) attached to hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of your red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. An HbA1c test shows what the average amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin has been over the past three months. It's a three-month average because that's typically how long a red blood cell lives.
https://www.msdmanuals.com/-/media/Manu ... cTest.html

Carnosine (?-alanyl-L-histidine) has recently attracted much attention as a naturally occurring antioxidant and transition-metal ion sequestering agent. It has also been shown to act as an anti-glycating agent, inhibiting the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Through its distinctive combination of antioxidant and antiglycating properties, carnosine is able to attenuate cellular oxidative stress and can inhibit the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. By controlling oxidative stress, suppressing glycation, and chelating metal ions, carnosine is able to reduce harmful sequelae such as DNA damage. AGEs are known contributors to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, and carnosine therefore merits serious attention as a possible therapeutic agent.